Land Law Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Land Law - Essay Example Banks are required to send an update notice or letter of interest if installments are defaulted1. In the event that the installment default isn't remedied true to form in the interest letter, the loan specialist ought to send a default notice, clarifying how he will cure the default to permit the borrower a most extreme time of 30 days according to the date of the note to do as such. At the point when a mortgager of private property neglects to reimburse his home loan, he will think that its troublesome, however not difficult to keep the home loan from recuperating the property and selling it. Home loan in English law is come about because of two distinct impacts. Its structure and starting point have a place with the precedent-based law; the limitations by which it is made to go about as security just, have a place with the courts value. The English law expresses that, if the mortgagor didn't pay on the legally binding date, he at one time can relinquish the mortgagee and can be sue d in agreement to for cash reimbursement. In like manner, the legitimate option to recover is constrained. The mortgagee’s option to have the private property is actually what is normal. By ideals of how legitimate home loans are made, the bank is considered as having a bequest in the private land, therefore he is given a prompt right to ownership quickly the ink dries on the home loan. Outstandingly, the mortgagee may gangs the property at any second in any event, when the home loan isn't in default, basing just to the arrangement opposite in resolution or in the home loan itself. In the standard course of occasions, this correct won't be practiced by the mortgagee and will be substance to allow the mortgagor to keep having the property insofar as the terms of home loan are clung to and installments are done as concurred. To be sure, the mortgagee could have guaranteed in the agreement not to look for ownership aside from if the mortgagor penetrates some other commitment or defaults reimbursing. On the off chance that this occurs, ownership might be conceded in uprightness of the mortgagee’s right, not in ethicalness of an answer for be mentioned from the court2. In this setting in this manner, sold property must be taken and sold basing on the strategy of home loan creation, the privileges of the bank, and the privileges of the mortgagor. How a home loan is made Before property is taken and sold, the mortgagee and the mortgagor should both consider the manner in which this home loan was made. The initial step is to include a home loan guide to offer an understanding on a basic level or endorsement. This shows what the supplier will probably loan, basing on explicit footing and conditions. Such a stage can be useful when a mortgagor has picked his home loan and the property is to be advertised. A mortgagor ought to never be enticed to exaggerate his salary since he can wind up with a home loan he can not stand to reimburse. To authorize a home l oan, an authorized movement or a transport specialist must be remembered for this creation with the goal that he can draw up contract, make nearby pursuits, and complete other legitimate desk work. A few banks may allude a home loan to a predetermined specialist however an individual suggestion might be a decision. After this, it is significant that the property is valuated3. The loan specialist will frequently have the success esteemed to guarantee that it merits the settled upon cost. On the off chance that it’s not, at that point it will influence the sum to be loaned. It is along these lines prudent for a mortgagor to complete his own overview too or to redesign the valuation of the lender’s study into a progressively itemized one. After home loan offer, the mortgagor’s specialist can mark the calendar for contract trade with the seller’s specialist. A level of the purchasing cost is paid by the mortgagor as of now, as a non-refundable store and endow to paying the rest upon the concurred finishing time, that is, the point at which he claims the property. A home loan can be made over a

Utilising theory, concepts and tools explored in the module, Essay

Using hypothesis, ideas and devices investigated in the module, fundamentally assess the vital advertising of an item, administration or business offering of your decision - Essay Example nder the fragment of refreshments is improving its image picture and portfolio to a noteworthy degree along these lines intensifying their portfolio and notoriety in the whole globe. One of such rumored associations working fruitful in the section of refreshment is Coca-Cola. Coca-Cola is one of the presumed associations, working in the section of carbonated sodas, since 1886. It is presented in the area of Atlanta of Georgia, however extended its wings in the whole globe rapidly and quickly (Coca-Cola, 2014). It became conceivable for the most part because of the nearness of various product offerings, for example, sans caffeine coca-cola, Parsi Cola, Virgin Cola, Coca-Cola-Vanila, Coca-Cola Cherry and so forth (Coca-Cola, 2014). Because of which, it accomplished the award of best worldwide brand in the year 2011. Other than this, inside a little league outline, it improved its overall revenue by 15.31 percent in 31st March, 2014 (Ycharts, 2014). Alongside this, the piece of the overall industry and brand picture of the association of Coca-Cola improved with a huge degree that intensified its position and manageability also (Coca-Cola, 2014). The reason of this exposition is to break down fundamentally the key advertising arrangements utilized by the association of Coca-Cola so as to advance its item, diet coke in the whole globe among other contending firms. Additionally, the exposition likewise contains fluctuated sorts of promoting ideas, hypotheses and devices so as to assess the viable procedures utilized. Vital promoting is the method to adapt up to the arrangements and procedures of the current contenders to enhance the brand estimation of an association. Likewise, the procedure of vital promoting is performed for the association of Coca-Cola, so as to examine the requests and necessities of its objective market in order to satisfy it. At exactly that point, the association of Coca-Cola may get fruitful in intensifying its picture and notoriety in this forceful market among numerous other adversary contenders (Beall, 2010, pp.

Art critisim essays

Workmanship critisim articles While going to the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art I was captivated by all the various styles, surfaces, and materials that where used to make workmanship. Yet, of all the uncommon gems in plain view maybe one of the littler pieces was the one that had the greatest effect on me. In this workmanship analysis paper about Jackson Pollocks, Silver and Black Diptych, showed in the Kemper Museum of Contemporary Art, a portrayal, translation and outline will enable the peruser to comprehend and welcome this 1950 masterpiece. This bit of craftsmanship made by Jackson Pollock in 1950 is an oil paint and metal on a canvas. The fine art quantifies precisely 11 Â ½ x 17 inches. The white canvas is painted in Pollocks signature method of hurling, spilling, and puddling the paint over the canvas. It appears that the piece (canvas) was painted in general yet is currently isolated into equivalent parts. Insights the title of the piece Silver and Black Diptych, diptych meaning two. Pollock frequently adjusted or cut his works of art to suite the picture. The work of art comprises of silver and dark as the two overwhelming hues. An incredibly dim red and peach shading is utilized irregularly all through the canvas too. Likewise somewhat orange and blue show up. A slim metal copper hued piece separates the work of art down the middle. A similar material used to partition the fine art is likewise utilized as the casing or external piece. The edge appears to be hand made to fit the canvas precisely. On the correct si de of the divider in the lower right hand corner is the place the most paint is applied, generally dark and silver. Additionally situated on the correct side of the divider yet in the upper right hand corner is an additional bit of silver metal that is appended to the canvas. This metal piece is likewise painted for the most part in silver. The paint applied in this masterpiece is spread out, where as in some of Pollocks different artworks next to no canvas is obvious ... <!

Labour Laws Application Practice and Implementation Coursework

Work Laws Application Practice and Implementation - Coursework Example So as to comprehend an employee’s option to suggest law and guideline, to put an intrigue against uncalled for excusal, a case will be concentrated completely. In conclusion, the paper plans to contemplate the maternity rights which are allowed to the representatives and how they oblige in the current society. Foundation to the Context: Employment law has been considered as a fundamental region of law which has gotten basic consideration from worldwide law too. As obvious from the arrangements related with the Employment Act, there are numerous rules, commitments, rights, and models for various cases and their outcomes on both for the representative and the business. Since there is an expanded number of commitments, it has become an unpredictability for both the gatherings to actualize pertinent arrangements in their separate cases. It ought to be noticed that business law is being rehearsed in pretty much every nation of the world with their coalition to worldwide work law (B arnard, 2006). Section 1 (a) Rights of Employees under Section 1-Employment Particulars During the time of work, the representative and the business both ought to know about their privileges and specialists. I. Sub-Section 3 and 4: Where on one hand, it is significant for the business to have total data and trust of the representative; ii. CONT: it is likewise huge for the representative to realize what his privileges are and to comprehend what he can guarantee on account of a contention with his boss. Business Rights Act of 1996 plainly characterizes these circumstances for them two. The segment 1 of the law manages the work points of interest and the business explanation. This area of the law is a sort of rule for the worker to comprehend what his privileges are during business and at the hour of end reasonable or uncalled for so they become more acquainted with what kind of word and conditions to anticipate from the court if there should be an occurrence of any penetrate from the employer(Barnard, 2006) Subsection 1 of Section1 states: Where a representative starts work with a business, the business will provide for the worker a composed articulation of specifics of employment† (Gavin Mansfield, 2011, p. 581) Under the announcement of points of interest of the area 1 subsection 1 of the Employment Rights Act of 1996, any worker is given an announcement of specifics when he begins any activity (Section 1, sub section1). 1 The subsection 2 of area 1 further clarifies the subsection 1 expressing that: The announcement may (subject to segment 2(4)) be given in portions and will be given not later than two months after the start of the work (Gavin Mansfield, 2011, p. 581)† The announcement of points of interest must be given to the representative inside about two months of the beginning of his work (Section 1, Subsection2). Subsection 3 and 4: I. The segment 1 of the law fundamentally manages this announcement of specifics, the subtleties and the ter ms and rules for the arrangement between the business and the representative. ii. The announcement has a rundown of things entitled, from the name of the worker and the expected set of responsibilities to the compensation wages and its installment plan (Section 1, Subsection3 and 4). As expressed in the provisions of the Subsection 3 and 4: 3-â€Å"The explanation will contain points of interest of: (a) the names of the business and worker, (b) the date when the work began† 4-â€Å".

Case #3 Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

#3 - Case Study Example Advancement is framing new thoughts and thinking of answers for the issues which emerge later on. It is an instrument which the business people use as a chance to gain maintainability in the business and separating the item from that of the contenders. Using development, upper hand can be gained and this empowers the organizations in getting a predominant situation inside the business (Muller, Vã ¤likangas, and Merlyn, 2005). Development is necessary for the associations in the cutting edge business condition. Advancements permit organizations to oversee tasks effectively and permit to concoct new thoughts which bolster the business. The adjustment in the area is one of the greatest factor which impacts on development. Culture of the economies aids the manner in which associations work and propose strategies through which the upper hand can be procured. The way of life of the general public, achievement factors before, profitability in the territory, endeavors applied and the board rehearses are predominant components which help the procedure of advancement. In the enterprising arrangement, the components, for example, information sharing, improvement of abilities, quality control, culture of the association, investigate and advancement and accessibility of assets can be considered as significant patrons of the procedure. Every one of these components which win in the way of life decide the investigation and execution of the organizations. Designation of assets and arranging suitable strategies for using the assets are critical for the business. During the arranging and usage stage the business people need to adjust fittingly to the procedure (Zayas, and Garcã ­a, 2008). The private venture business visionaries need to concentrate on the business tasks. This is another significant factor separated from development and advancement thoughts. Solid administration aptitudes and providing food precisely what the clients need are significant for dealing with the business (Fenwick, 2003). From the examination, it

Summer Reading Part 2 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Summer Reading Part 2 COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog On Monday I posted some resources for possible summer reading.   The resources revolved around faculty, alumni, and current student writings posted on the web.   I was riding my bike to work this morning and got the idea that it would be fun to do a similar thing for those joining us in the fall.   I know from reading applications that many admitted applicants have a web or digital presence that others might be interested in. So the point of this entry is to solicit reading resources from recently admitted students.   This could also turn into a great way to get to know those you will be taking classes with in the fall.   Another way is to see pictures from those you will be joining and the summer photo series is also on the horizon so stay tuned for details. If you Tweet, Blog, write for a web site or can be followed in some way on the web and wish to share links, Twitter names, etc. with fellow incoming students, we want to hear from you. If you are an incoming student that will be starting classes in September and want to give people the ability to read or follow you, send an email with the following to sipa_new@columbia.edu with the title Summer Reading. Your full name Your degree program (MIA, MPA, or MPA-DP) Any of the following Twitter account, Blog address, links where you have been published, web sites you champion or support The information you submit will be posted on this blog for public consumption. Another avenue is of course Facebook (but Facebook cannot be accessed by everyone) and it is likely that a Facebook page has already been started by some incoming student.   If a Facebook page has indeed been created, someone please send us an email letting us know and I will post to the blog for easy consumption.   An email can be sent to sipa_new@columbia.edu with the title Facebook and you can include the group name for us to pass on.

Essay on Financial Manager

Essay on Financial Manager Discuss the financial manager’s place in the corporation The place of the financial manager may vary significantly. In fact the generic nature of this job title and description can be misleading; hence it should be carefully scrutinized as the role can vary enormously depending on the size of the company and job title. The financial manager holds an important position in the structure of any corporation. He is the person who creates monetary value of the corporation from financing, capital budgeting as well as net-working capital actions. Financial managers are there in the corporation to oversee preparation of financial reports, execute all cash management strategies and direct corporations investments, (Siegel Shim, 2009). Generally, financial manager’s place is to assess ways that suite the corporation, guided by stakeholder’s view of profit maximization and maximization of wealth. Explain the main goal a financial manager is trying to achieve and the types of decision financial manager makes. Notably, the manager has numerous goal and objective in cooperation. The main goal of a financial manager is to ensure that there is maximization of owner’s wealth as well as profit maximization. As a matter of fact financial manager should not be overwhelmed by his personal goals, which include earning reputation and higher salaries. It is automatically that when the financial manager achieves the ultimate goal of the corporation, his/her personal goals too will be achieved, (Moyer, et al, 2008). The decisions financial managers make so as to achieve corporations goal deal with capital structure, working capital management and capital budgeting. A financial manger has to decide on the type of projects that the corporation should undertake (Siegel Shim, 2009). Furthermore, financial managers help in making decisions on how the corporation investments should be funded. Decisions on working capital management involve short-term assets of the corporation, such as inventory, cash, and debtors. In most situation financial accounting of the firm overlap with financial management, but financial accounting is concerned with reporting historical information on finance (Siegel Shim, 2009). Financial manager’s decision is always directed towards the future progress of the corporation. References Siegel, G., Shim, J. (2009). Schaum’s Outline of Financial Management. London: McGraw-Hill. Moyer, C. McGuigan, R Kretlow, J. (2008). Contemporary Financial Management. New York: Wiley.

Interracial Relationships - 1553 Words

America has had a long history of racism. This fact is more easily understood if racism is understood for what it really is. It is more than just personal hatred. Racism is the â€Å"belief that a particular race is superior or inferior to another, that a person’s social and moral traits are predetermined by his or her inborn biological characteristics† (What is Racism). The 21st century has brought a lot of changes to the American society. Nevertheless, racism still exists owing to the truth that it is still impossible to persuade the hearts of mankind in terms of racism, which leads to many people wondering how and when black and white racism will end in America. Many solutions have been suggested, and one of the various solutions is black†¦show more content†¦Either definition that the reader chooses to agree on, the deviating definition is a relationship between two different people. There have been many arguments on whether an interracial relationship is able to work or function properly in relation to a relationship that involves individuals with the same race or cultural background as each other. The populations that believe such relationship will not end well refer to scenarios such as Samuel Coleridge-Taylor and Jessie Walmisley. Samuel Coleridge-Taylor was one of Britain’s most outstanding and celebrated composers. He was born to a white mother and black father. Coleridge-Taylor married Jessie Walmisley, in 1899. She was a pianist and a classmate of Samuel’s in high school. Jessie’s family was extremely opposed to the marriage and they did all in their power to prevent it. Samuel and his family were targets of abuse from groups of local youths who would repeatedly shower him with insulting comments about the color of his skin. His daughter later recalled ‘†when he saw them approaching along the street he held my hand more ti ghtly, gripping it until it almost hurt† (Living Interracial: Coleridge-Taylor and Jessie Walmisley). On September 1, 1912, Samuel Coleridge-Taylor died of pneumonia complicated by exhaustion. Some say if Samuel was not to be in such relationship, he would still be alive. A more well-known scenario would be the story of SammyShow MoreRelated Interracial Relationships Essay1062 Words   |  5 Pagessocietal problems. One increasing problem facing America under the guise of racism is the topic of interracial relationships. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;amp;#61505;In 1960 there were about 150,000 interracial marriages compared with 1.5 million in 1990amp;#61504;(IIA). nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Being a part of an interracial relationship in our racist society can be very difficult. There are many reasons for this. I wonamp;#61501;tRead More Interracial Relationships Essay1738 Words   |  7 PagesWhy do people stare at interracial couples and feel betrayed by the person of the same race? How must the couple feel when people stare at them everywhere they go? In June of 1958, a white man and a half African-American and half American-Indian woman, both native citizens of Virginia, wed in South America. Not long after the marriage the couple returned back to the state of Virginia where they decided to establish a happy family. In October of 1958 the couple received an indictment charge, statingRead More Interracial Relationships Essay2004 Words   |  9 PagesInterracial Relationships For centuries human beings have been on a quest for love. As time has passed, this search has lead to mixing of races and resulted in interracial relationships, both long-term couples and casual dating. An interracial relationship is defined by the Webster dictionary as intimacies between two people of different races. â€Å"I had no idea when I immigrated to the U.S in 1996, I would fall in love with a black girl,† said Dirk Schwartz. Immigration has boosted theRead MoreSocietal Intolerance of Interracial Relationships2000 Words   |  8 PagesSocietal intolerance of interracial relationships. Societal intolerance of interracial relationships can contribute to stressors for the partners. Some segments of society still view such unions as something of an anomaly that does not readily fit into the racial stratification system. Such ambivalence in society creates a similar ambivalence for the inter- racial couple themselves, because those beliefs could be internalized (Motoyoshi, 1990). According to Pope (1986), interracial couples, and especiallyRead MoreMigratory Implications Of Media On Interracial Relationships1641 Words   |  7 Pages Migratory Implications in Media on Interracial Relationships James M. Oscher Jr. University of Nevada – Las Vegas â€Æ' Migratory Implications in Media on Interracial Relationships Just over 50 years ago the United States Supreme Court overturned and nationalized the ruling on interracial marriage. Since then there has been an ever increasing amount of interracial marriages, along with interracial relationships. Since then there also has been a greater increase in the public being exposed toRead MoreInterracial Relationships Sex and Marriage Essay976 Words   |  4 Pagesare still people that are bigots who view interracial relationships and marriage as undesirable. However, the view is contentious given that the law that allows interracial relationships and marriages was enacted in 1960. Before then, it was prohibited and against the law to have a relationship with someone from a different race let alone getting married to them. Basing this context from the film Jungle Fever that tries to describe a non-healthy relationship between races, we learn how people viewedRead MoreInterracial Relationships in America Essay examples960 Words   |  4 PagesAccord ing to the U. S. Census Reports, interracial marriages have more than tripled between 1980 and today. There are currently 1.6 million interracial marriages in the United States, and that figure is continuing to grow (Duru, 2012). Statistics show that over 70% of American society has no problem with mixed race relationships, and 40% of Americans have already dated someone of another ethnicity. For the most part relationships between people of different races are no different from the interactionsRead More effects of interracial relationship on children Essay624 Words   |  3 Pages Effect of Interracial relationships and the child nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Interracial marriages can include the union between Asians, Hispanics, Blacks, Whites, and any other groups. However, when people talk about race relations, the focus is on Blacks and Whites. No matter what type of ethnic groups are involved in these type of relationshipsRead MoreThe Debate of Interracial Marriages and the Unseen Barriers of Relationships1716 Words   |  7 PagesThe Debate of Interracial Marriages and the Unseen Barriers of Relationships 1 For decades, interracial relationships have been a deep seated conflict among many people and families in our history. Not only in the United States, but many countries around the world have debated and banned such acts. Although it has now been found to be unconstitutional based on the violation of the fourteenth amendment, societal perceptions, norms, and hate groups have still managed to persist. We as a countryRead MoreInterracial Marriages and Same Sex Relationships Essay2249 Words   |  9 PagesInterracial couples as well as same sex couples face many of the same controversial problems and dilemmas, however, not many differences could be seen between the values of these couples regardless of their generations. The two different groups of individuals being interviewed were a selected group of interracial couples of an older age group ranging from 60 – 33, and a group of same sex couples the ages of 25 – 19. The relationship that was being studied was the relatio nship values between individuals

Race And The American Criminal Justice System - 868 Words

There is a serious problem with our justice system. It is not a secret that people are judged by the color of their skin, ethnicity and in some cases by religious beliefs. I strongly believe that race affects how an individual is persived/ treated and it plays an important role in the American Criminal Justice Unfortunately, race plays an important role in the American Criminal Justice System. This issue exist in other countries and societies too. The American Justice System is not an exception of this wrongdoing. For intance, minorities, such as African Americans and Latinos, are often prosecuted differently than Caucasians offenders. Verdicts not only tend to be much harsher, but are also accompanied by longer-term sentences. According to article titled, â€Å"Justice is harsher in America than in any other rich country. Between 2.3m and 2.4 m Americans are behind bars, roughly one in every 100 adults.† where for the most part, the majority of inmates are minorities (Economi st.com). â€Å"The incarceration rates disproportionately impact men of color: 1 in every 15 African American men and 1 in every 36 Hispanic men are incarcerated in comparison to 1 in every 106 white men.†(aclu.org) The question is, why have minorities have become the majority of the American prison population? Minorities are targeted as criminal suspects by police officers because, more often than not, minories are likely to be poor, uneducated. Police base their assumption that minorities engaged inShow MoreRelatedRace And The American Criminal Justice System888 Words   |  4 Pagesa serious problem with our justice system. It is not a secret that people are judged by the color of their skin, ethnicity and in some cases by religious beliefs. I strongly believe that race affects how an individual is perceived/ treated and it plays an important role in the American criminal justice. Unfortunately, race plays an important role in the American criminal justice system, also this issue exists in other countries and societies. The American justice system is not an exception of thisRead MoreRace And Class : The American Criminal Justice System903 Words   |  4 PagesRace and Class in the American Criminal Justice System In the article â€Å"Race and Class in the American Criminal Justice System† by David Cole the inequality within the United State s Criminal Justice System is summarized. David Cole is a graduate from Yale University where he has received his law and bachelor’s degree. He specializes in many different fields of Criminal Justice, and is a fairly well known writer regarding legal affairs and political actions like civil liberties and national securityRead MoreRacial Inequality919 Words   |  4 Pagesopportunities and treatment of people based solely on their race. Racial inequality is a serious issue that is often discussed in the American criminal justice system. Although racial discrimination is present in the criminal justice system, some people use the words inequality, discrimination, racism, and profiling loosely and do not understand how truly complex it is to prove that there actually is racial inequality present in the criminal justice system. Daniel P Mears, Joshua C. Cochran, and Andrea M.Read MoreThe Bearing of Race and Ethnicity in the Criminal Justice System1285 Words   |  5 PagesThere has been an ongoing debate as to whether or not race and ethnicity have a bearing on an individual’s treatment in the criminal justice system for many years. I will be arguing that race and ethnicity do in fact, have a bearing on one’s treatment in the criminal justice system. I will be backing up my position on this topic by providing evidence from five scholarly articles. My first source is African Americans and the Criminal Justice system by Phyllis Gray-Ray, Melvin C. Ray, Sandra Rutland,Read MorePolicy Process Essay1222 Words   |  5 PagesSociety relies on the criminal justice system to maintain order within communities and to maintain a safe environment for community members. Society expects the criminal justice system to provide justice by separating the guilty from the innocent, to incapacitate dangerous individuals, to promote deterrence to law-breaking individuals, and to rehabilitate offenders. An important expectation of the criminal justice system is to provide fair and just consequences to criminal offenders and assist theRead MoreRacism : The Criminal Justice System1040 Words   |  5 PagesMr. Andrew Bagley PLS 213 American Federal Government-Online 25th November 2015 Racism in Our Criminal Justice System There are many different types of unlawful racism in the criminal justice system. It goes from back in the early part of our great nation’s birth to the killing of Martin Luther King Jr. to Ferguson, Missouri. The path that racism takes is from old time’s point of view. The way to clear up racism in our criminal justice system is simple and easy. Americans need to fully understandRead MoreCriminal Justice: Racial Disparity and Discrimination and O.J. Simpson768 Words   |  4 PagesCriminal law is based on the principle of actus non facit reum nisi mens sit rea. The principle is to the extent that a man is not guilty of his acts, actus in the absence of a guilty conscience, mens rea (Gardner, 2009). To this end, criminal law justice provides that the person alleging the commission of a crime must proof beyond reasonable doubt that the accused person(s) possessed mens rea, if the court is to hold a criminal liability against the accused. In the case of People of the St ate ofRead MoreThe New Jim Crow : Mass Incarceration1199 Words   |  5 Pagesperceptions on the American criminal justice system? Michelle Alexander was able to accomplish that by altering some people s entire perception on the American criminal justice system by focusing on our most pressing civil right issues of our time for some of those who did read her book The New Jim Crow: Mass Incarceration In The Age of Colorblindness. Michelle Alexander stated that The most despised in America is not gays, transgenders, nor even illegal immigrants - it is criminals. That was anRead MoreRacial Profiling: Is it Intentional? Can We Correct it? Essay991 Words   |  4 Pagesterm in the American justice system today, but what does it really mean? Is racial profiling just a term cooked up by criminals looking for a way to get out of trouble and have a scapegoat for their crimes? Is it really occurring in our justice system, and if so is it done intentionally? Most importantly, if racial profi ling exists what steps do we take to correct it? The answer to these questions are almost impossible to find, racial profiling is one of many things within our justice system that canRead MoreThe American Civil Liberties Union1630 Words   |  7 Pagesin incarnations by placing many people in jail more than the last four decades. Mostly because of the war on drugs. So far whites and blacks have been involved in many drug offenses, possession and sales, at a very comparable rate. â€Å"While African Americans comprise 13% of the US population and 14% of monthly drug users they are 37% of the people arrested for drug offenses† (Marc Mauer). The police usually stop blacks and Latinos at rates higher than whites. Within New York City, the people of color

Analysis Of The Poem I Am I m Charlotte Wasserman

Hello, I’m Charlotte Wasserman, and today I will be sharing my journey in poetry writing. I began to love poetry in the sixth grade. I had never written that much before, but I discovered that I get this inspirational feeling when I write poetry that I never get in anything else. Sometimes my poems seemed good from the start; some I knew needed a little help. I think some of my best poems were revised over and over. Just remember, I d rather have a rough draft in the beginning and have a great piece at the end than to never write or try at all! Let s talk about imagery; imagery is a skill in poetry writing. I have grown in my ability to show imagery this year, and I think I m great at this skill. It makes the reader form a picture in his or her head. So, I have two pieces that are nothing alike, except they show how imagery can be used in separate ways. Imagery is an important skill that all writers should know of. It can make every creative piece 100 percent better. This first piece I m sharing today is not the best, but you will listen to the difference and growth between my first and second piece. My first piece I ll be reading today is called Beneficial. It was one of our vocabulary words! Beneficial Beneficial was sitting at her desk. She saw her friend missing her textbook during class. As the helpful, favorable person she was She knew when to give her friend the extra textbook she had. Favors are Beneficial s thing! All her friends depend onShow MoreRelatedStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesLibrary of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge. — 15th ed. p. cm. Includes indexes. ISBN-13: 978-0-13-283487-2 ISBN-10: 0-13-283487-1 1. Organizational behavior. I. Judge, Tim. II. Title. HD58.7.R62 2012 658.3—dc23 2011038674 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 ISBN 10: 0-13-283487-1 ISBN 13: 978-0-13-283487-2 Brief Contents Preface xxii 1 2 Introduction 1 What Is Organizational Behavior? 3 The Individual

The Right, The American Dream - 1322 Words

The American Right, The American Dream America is changing every day. Growing, maturing, and innovating, this country never has a consistent stand on morals. Reverting to older times, in 1780, British Major John Andrà © was executed by the Continental Army via noose. The horrendous act was based on a clandestine claim of espionage - an accusation some still deliberate the validity of to this day. In the past, capital punishment has been used for chastising behavior contradictory to the prosperity of society. Many plea successes in the implementation of the death penalty because of alleged depletion of criminal activity, an argument proponents state is supreme in determining efficiency. Opponents point out the myriad of flaws, including the inconsistency, the fabrication, and the inability to determine truth as fact. In centuries past, when societal norms included lack of hygienic practice, misogynistic hierarchy of power, and legal racism, the death penalty showed popularity. Howeve r, in the status quo, not only is it unnecessary, but capital punishment is unconstitutional and immoral. Social conventions change and the laws dictating the ability of those populations should change accordingly. The inability to differentiate fact and fiction creates a disarrayed blend of the innocent and the guilty. According to the Heritage Foundation, who performed several studies on the U.S. prison population, five percent of all convicted citizens are innocent. Essentially, one inShow MoreRelatedThe American Dream Is The Right Of Freedom1984 Words   |  8 PagesWell the American is a hell of a dream... I m sure it has something to do with the declaration of independence. The American dream is the right of freedom in all ways. You can believe in any kind of god you want. And you have the same rights as any other person. He belief that anyone, regardless of where they were born or what class they were born into, can attain their own version of success in a society where upward mobility is possible for everyone. The American dream is achieved through sacrificeRead MoreRacial Discrimination : The American Dream, Right?2936 Words   |  12 PagesPeople have this generalization that discri mination has been abolished, that everyone has the same opportunity in this free country. That is the American dream, right? Sadly, this dream has turned into a blatant nightmare that minorities have to live in every day. Even though there have been laws created to prevent discrimination in the workplace from happening, it is still a huge issue that needs to be looked at more closely. I am researching gender and racial discrimination in order to help myRead MoreI Have A Dream and the Civil Rights of African Americans1480 Words   |  6 Pagesthe freedom for the colored people. 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A Raisin in the Sun Textual Analysis (2008) Free Essays

The film ‘A Raisin in the Sun’ (2008) is the hybridity genre of comedy and a realist drama. Its setting is a small apartment in Chicago, in the 1950s at times of racism segregation and also segregation towards women. The situation is that the protagonist is the film wants to be rich. We will write a custom essay sample on A Raisin in the Sun Textual Analysis (2008) or any similar topic only for you Order Now The target audience for this film would be from the age of 18+ as I feel it is directed more to the older people in society although the film is a PG. Its demographic audience would be some one of the B-C2 range. ‘A Raisin in the Sun Todorov’s narrative structure starts with equilibrium as even though the family is poor they are still happy even though they are struggling. Also as they receive the life insurance from Lena’s late husband. It moves on to disruption of equilibrium as when Lena gives Walter the money he loses it in his business. The disequilibrium continues as Ruth, Walters wife falls pregnant and is scared to tell Walter. The reinstatement of equilibrium is when Lena buys the house and they are all able to move in and are finally happy. The codes and convections that show the poorness of the family were there dress codes. There all wore cloths that would be worn by someone of a lower class as they were dirty and you could see that they were sewn back up in places. If they were of the richer class they would wear expensive suits and dress. They lived in a small apartment where there son had to sleep on the sofa, Beneatha and Lena had to share a room, this connotates that the family are struggling and there not enough room for everyone in the small apartment. They had to wake up early in the morning just to have a bath in time for work. All these add up to the fact that the segregation in those times was bad, and black people had to struggle to survive, and be persistent to be able to find their way through life. A Subversion of gender comes in three times; Firstly Walter ridicules Beneatha for wanting to be a doctor. In the 1950s women tended to be nurses not doctors as they felt men were much more capable and smarter this. But Beneatha had the persistence and had family should of supported her. The second time is when Lena Younger chooses to give Walter the money instead of Beneatha who needed it more for her education, just because Walter was ‘the man of the house’ by Lena’s gesture codes you can connotate that she didn’t really want to give him the money but felt she had to just to please him.. The third time was when Beneatha began to say that she doesn’t believe in God, which earned her a slap across the face from her mother. The director increases the diegetic sound of the slap to emphasize on the importance of it. Also bringing in a close up on Beneatha’s face to show her reaction. Her reaction dennotates shock however connotates the fact that she’s hurt that her mum would ever do something like that to her. How to cite A Raisin in the Sun Textual Analysis (2008), Papers

Budgeting Resources free essay sample

Budgeting Resources Once case has been initiated on a drug investigation and all the preliminary measures have been taken; the agency handling the case feels they have enough information to move forward; the next step is for officers to create a budget for what is needed to make a substantial case. According to the federal drug control the budget for the 2018 fiscal year is $27.57 billion; which has increased from the 2013 budget of $23. 8 billon(Economics of Drug Policy and the Drug War, n.d.). Drug investigations are one of the most expensive investigations the government is responsible for paying for on a state and local level. The cost related to a drug investigation must include the following resources: †¢ Financial Resources: Usually the department manager will have to create a budget, for the case officers, administrative cost (such as filing, documentation, etc.), and the cost of any equipment that would be needed for the investigation. The lead officers, should also make sure other expenses such as the cost for the drugs, space needed for surveillance (house, apartment, motel, etc. ), and there is a little extra included in the budget for any unexpected expenses.†¢ Manpower: For any case that will require months or years of extensive surveillance it should be arranged from the beginning that there will been a need for additional officers in case an emergency comes up for an officer or officers involved there is enough manpower in place to keep the investigation moving forward. Also, there needs to be enough manpower, if an informant or officer cover is blown and the deals starts to fall through or gets violent, enough offices are in place to assist.†¢ Investigative equipment: During the preparation stage of a case, usually the department manager will make sure the case officers have all the general equipment they need for the investigation. However, the case officers may advise on any specialized equipment that will be needed such as body transmitters, night viewing devices, radio scramblers, etc. Other Information Sources Most drug investigations are conducted by local police agencies, due to the fact they are usually more valuable during the investigation than outside resources, because they know their community well and will have a better chance of getting information from informants and from members in the community. However, at the start of any investigation case offices should review the following information which could be beneficial to the investigation (Lyman, 2007, p. 5):†¢ Incident reports: these are reports that usually come from a call where no criminal charges were involved or either they could have been misdemeanor chargers; such as a traffic accident; noisy neighbor, loitering, etc.†¢ Police intelligence reports: are important because they are categorized either by the suspected criminal activity, the location, and the suspects name and address. This information is important during the beginning stages of an investigation, because it can provide valuable data in pursuing an investigation, prosecutions, and narrowing down suspects. †¢ Arrest records: are important in an investigation because they provided information on rather or not a suspected suspect has any prior convictions or arrests. An arrest record also provides contact information for relatives and friends associated with the suspect; as well as current or former employment information.†¢ Warrant file: is important and very valuable because if the suspect has any outstanding warrants, this will give the officers a chance to bring the suspect in and it also helps officers identify any identifying markers such as tattoos, birth marks, piercing, etc. related to the suspect. Forfeiture SanctionsIn 1984 the Federal Comprehensive Forfeiture Act gave authority to seize any property base on the presumption that is included in any drug criminal activity. The Federal Comprehensive Forfeiture Act; allows officers to seize bank accounts, homes, rental properties , boats, cars, privately own business, and securities When a person is convicted of a drug felony he or she is subject to forfeiture sanctions; however, the government must establish probable cause that the property was purchased either within the time of the violation or shortly after; and there was no other source for the property (Lyman, 2007, p. 41). The Controlled Substance Act of 1970 (CSA) was a federal act passed by US Congress, which created a strict drug control policy under the control of the federal government. The CSA has penalties and fines in place for each violation up to $250,000 as well as seizure which can include the following; books, computers, all controlled substances, raw materia l and equipment (Lyman, 2007, p. 42). For example if a drug dealer sells drugs out her his/her home then that home becomes the place to facilitate the crime; therefore is seizable under the law. The War on Drugs has resulted in some of the most full-sized modification in the criminal justice system, due to the fact that the due process revolution of 1960s. Asset forfeiture has been used as a criminal sanction, however, has been camouflaged as a civil procedure, for that reason in impact limiting the due process procedures rights of these accused. The state has extended its control over citizens and has simultaneously weakened the right of folks to guard them in opposition to state intrusion (Jensen Gerber, 1996, p. 1). ConclusionUndercover officers within a local police department or state department were created to deal with the war on drugs and crimes. Undercover officers prepare evidence for the prosecutions of criminals involved in drug-related crimes. At times local officers may have to work with specialized drug squads or task forces, from different state or federal agencies. In order for any drug investigation to be successful officers need to be prepared, that includes making sure the officers have the necessary equipment needed; the manpower, as well as the financial means to complete the investigation from beginning to end. The resources to and access to other resources that can assist in the investigation such as being able to review arrest records, warrant files, police reports, incident reports, etc. Forfeiture laws and sanctions are investigative techniques that undercover officers can utilize during their investigations. This makes it possible for officers to seize monies, drugs, and property that could have been obtained with profits of drug activities.Undercover officers are a very valuable to all undercover investigations, however, officers and citizens within the community where the investigation is taking place are always in harms way during the investigations. At each stage of the investigations the undercover officers should always pro ceed with caution.

17th Century Life/scarlet Letter Essay Example For Students

17th Century Life/scarlet Letter Essay The Scarlet Letter by Nathaniel Hawthorne expresses the aspects of relationships, religion, community, discipline and punishment in the puritan community of 17th century Boston. Relationships between men and women were very constrained and that is what made adultery such a bad sin in the eyes of everyone in the community. Religion seemed to govern over all, people would look up to reverends and the community believed that fate was their destiny. Public discipline and punishment were used to discourage everyone else from committing the same crime or sin as the offending criminal did. The community was to follow the beliefs of god and to do their duties the best they could, yet were there to criticize and punish all who disobeyed the religion or laws. In 17th century Boston every thing was very strict and everyone was expected to follow the laws, which makes Hesters sin such an excellent example of the beliefs of that time period. The first scaffold scene is very important because the scene sums up the beliefs of the general public at that time, and gives a prospective of what Hester Prynne must deal with. In the beginning of chapter two the scene is described as it could have betokened nothing short of the anticipated execution of some noted culprit,(47) showing that the whole town was there for a ruthless public punishment. The crowd was not there for an execution though, but there for a public punishment of Hester Prynne who had committed adultery. A townsman describes Hesters punishment to a stranger as, they have doomed Mistress Prynne to stand only a space of three hours on the platform of the pillory, and then thereafter, for the remainder of her natural life, to wear a mark of shame upon her bosom. (58) This scene shows the weight of values and morals upon society in the 17th century and how public punishment was not only used as punishment but as a way to discourage others from committing the same crime. The community was key in this punishment because it helped alienate Hester and further her pain. The punishment brings forth Hesters underlying pain, Hester sent forth a cry she turned her eyes downward at the scarlet letter, and even touched it with her finger, to assure herself that the infant and the shame were real.(55) This pain only breaks surface once, yet throughout the whole story Hester must deal with the shame and emotional pain of the scarlet letter. The stranger sums it up best with the quotation, Thus she will be a living sermon against sin, until the ignominious letter be engraved upon her tombstone.Since religion was such a key part of their lives, anyone who did disobey their god was looked down upon. What made religion ironic in this story was how everyone looked up to a reverend that had committed the same sin as someone they looked down upon severely. Dimmesdale says, before the judgment-seat, thy mother, and thou, and I, must stand together! But daylight of this world shall not see our meeting!(134) The reverend knows his sin and wants be punished with Hester and Pearl, yet not until what he calls judgement day. In the 17th century, Puritans believed that there was a stern God who had decreed in advance the fate of each person for all time. Therefore, there was not much people felt they could do to become a better person in Gods eyes but do his biding with their jobs. To increase their chances of getting to go to heaven the townspeople would often get one step closer to God by getting close to a religious leader, which was bad for Arthur Dimmesdale who was probably farther away from God than everyone else because of his sin. Relationships were looked upon as something sacred and a woman should be loyal to her husband. .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 , .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 .postImageUrl , .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 , .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06:hover , .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06:visited , .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06:active { border:0!important; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06:active , .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06 .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uc143e1c046a294fe5e297b3a7744ff06:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The Syrian Refugee Crisis essay Once married it was considered a horrible offense if you were un-loyal to your spouse. They have not been bold to put force the extremity of our righteous law against her. The penalty therefor is death.(58) A townsman explains that the penalty is death for her crime (showing the harshness of the 17th century), yet that the other party in the affair must have played a strong role in tempting her, so they just sentenced her to the letter on her chest and three hours on the scaffold. The stranger shows how most people reacted when only seeing one of the guilty two parties up on the scaffold, it irks me, nevertheless, that the partner of her iniquity should not, at least, stand on the scaffold by her side. Women still did not have that many rights, so anything Hester said in her defense would have just have been ignored. Relationships were not supposed to be broken unless by divorce, even if the husband was at the bottom of the sea-where Hesters husband was believed to be.Through relationships, religion, community, discipline and punishment the reader can get a better understanding of what was expected of towns people in the 17th century. The Scarlet Letter shows the pain and suffering a woman went through when she broke her marriage, and disobeyed her religion. She then was sentenced to a public punishment to be humiliated, tormented, and alienated by the community around her. The fate driven religious society in 17th century Boston would not accept sin of any kind and the punishment for adultery was death. Instead, the community branded Hester Prynne with the letter A for the rest of her life and made her stand in front of the whole community as an example for everyone that sin and corruption was not accepted in their society.

How does the director Steven Spielberg use filmic techniques to build suspense and tension for the audience in the film jaws Essay Example

How does the director Steven Spielberg use filmic techniques to build suspense and tension for the audience in the film jaws Essay Steven Spielberg is now recognised as one of Hollywoods leading directors; a filmmaker who expresses his identity over a body of films. However, when he directed Jaws in 1975 he didnt have the expansive film technology that he now carries. The film does, though, contain several important elements that would be eventually recognised as part of a Spielberg film. His work in creating suspense and tension is recognised by critics all over the world.The film was surrounded by hype; mainly due to the lack of order in financing the film after it ran over budget, but readers of Peter Benchleys novel JAWS were anticipating a blockbuster of their time. Whilst Spielberg stated that the film was tacky but marvellous it proved to be a benchmark in his passage into stardom, his use of tension techniques becoming a main element within a Spielberg film.The tagline Dont go into the water has been etched into cinema folklore and the dur dur theme tune can be heard in a variety of films, quite possibly making it one of the worlds most renowned theme tunes.The title sequence is an important element in the film JAWS with the dur dur theme tune being introduced. The point of view shot (POV) along with the dur dur theme music creates a fear factor that is prominent throughout the film. The sharks power is amplified right from the beginning. The camera, or the shark, increases its speed in conjunction with the music increasing in tempo, demonstrating the incredible speed that the shark is capable of moving. This early signal alerts viewers to the alarming power the shark possesses. This implements a tension that is long spanned in the viewers mindset.The film begins with a mid shot of a seemingly average teenage party with a strangely chilling diegetic harmonica. This may alert viewers to the factor that everything might not be as it seems. The only light sources are the moon and a blazing fire. Lack of light can build a strong tension due to strained visibility. Fire, although it can provide warmth and comfort, it is often used in the visualisation of hell, and the use of the fire could also be read as a warning signal of what is to come. Chrissie asks to go skinny dipping and the track shot follows Chrissie and Tom, attempting to get undressed but Tom seems to be struggling, this shows us that he may be a liability to Chrissies cause.When Chrissie gets into the water the long shot shows her insignificance and scale to water, telling us that there is no escape. The bells clang, reminiscent of bells at a funeral, the shot and sound combined creates a scary prospect considering the title of the film. The setting is the most obvious element of the suspense. The scene is set at night, the setting where the majority of most horror movies takes place, severely limiting both the characters and the audiences visibility. As we seek more as Chrissies life hangs in the balance, we are restricted, building a frantic suspense. While in the water, Chrissie is suddenly jerked around by an unseen force and then pulled under.A close up of the horrified girls face builds a tension because you dont know what it is that is yanking at her legs. Her screaming is frantic, her legs splash, the audiences know this is the worst thing she can do. We care about her life and as the suspense grows we worry more. The sound at this point is very loud for a long period of time as the tension builds as Chrissie eventually goes under the water. The silence that follows this will scare audiences; this theme is continued throughout the film. Silence is a tension similar to the other tactic employed by Spielberg; keeping the shark out of visibility. The phobia of the water is enforced during this scene, a long spanning tension employed by Spielberg.This first attack may leave the killer open for debate as you do not see the shark during the duration of Chrissies death. As the film continues you see more and more of the shark, this creates an aura of tension and suspense as be fore every attack audiences are unsure to how much they will be exposed to. Spielberg is increasing the films psychological impact. The audience is forced to imagine what the shark looks like, rather than be told.Music in the film JAWS is used to fulfil the genre, however, when Quint, Brody and Hooper are on the boat, adventure seeking music is used occasionally. Spielberg only uses the dur dur when the shark attacks, not as a red herring. The audience may feel trapped through even the slightest and most subtle use of sound. In the second attack more horrific variations on the shark ostinato alter the way the shark is perceived, however in the Ben Gardners Boat scene an evocative, ominous searching cue that features an alien, strange tone conveyed through ascending string notes, and flute triads give an eerie feel rather than a frantic one. Hints of the shark ostinato play throughout, finally climaxing in a huge synthesizer tone. These changes in sound all add to tension as they are different false alarming teqniques.The genre Thriller is sometimes defined by suspense and Spielbergs critical use of false alarms develop a firm grasp with audiences. The director picks his moments to strike.The second attack makes use of false alarms to build tension, after Chrissies death audiences are nervous as to when the shark will strike once more. This attack takes place in daylight and comes as a surprise to the people of Amnity Island; however, for audiences the tension is stronger due to the amount of people present. This signifies more danger and more chance of death. As Brody sits and examines the beach, false alarms occur to develop this pattern in the film. The yellow lilo is prominent in this scene as a shot of the lilo going out is concluded later in the film with a shot of a ripped up version of the lilo. Brody, alone, watches the beach, a man with a secret. His neighbours discuss various topics, and one of them comes to pester him about some parking hassles obst ructing the camera angle of the sea, this brings back the tension of sight difficulties.The frisson between the triviality of Amity life and the life-and-death struggle Brody is silently engaged and its unbearable for him to cope with. Theres the old man with the hat scene, a false-scare that serves as a small misdirect due to his strange likeness to a shark. There is some more suspense as a boy calls for his dog that is missing in the water. Along with a clever camera angle (shallow focus which sees everything blurred but the girl on shoulders) that makes a girl on a boys shoulders look menacing. Tension has been built as to when the shark will strike. As audiences are sucked in, Spielberg strikes. Young Alex Kinter is killed in very spectacular fashion, the shark seemed to come up from underneath him and cause a volcano of blood.A long shot of his climatic death provides the extravagant and disturbing suspense needed. This death makes use of shark POV shots from under the water. C hildren splashing and the scene with the yellow lilo are viewed from the sharks perspective, the splashing very reminiscent of Chrissies death. As the shark moves steadily underneath the children, tension is built as it lifts closer to certain individuals, unsure of who will become the next victim.Brody has now seen the shark in a dramatic zoom shot from the beach; his perspective has been altered along with the audience. The holiday date of 4th July suddenly seems to dawn on audiences. We know this is the perfect time for the shark to kill; the suspense every time someone goes near the water is torturous.The next attack sees two comedic characters attempt to catch the shark with a holiday roast. The suspense surrounding this attack is very strong after previous events. You fear for both the men. The shark takes the bait and heads out to sea, taking the end of the dock, and one of the men, with it. This moment makes use of the mid shot, making sure all significant factors are in the shot. The second the man goes into the water, we fear for his life, and we do not relax until his feet get out of the water, this tension has been built up through the fear of the water factor. Spielberg even lets the camera linger (low angle) on his feet scrambling over the collapsed dock, knowing that we are waiting for the shark to leap up and snatch the man away. We dont see the shark in this scene adding to the psychological barrier being built up between the shark and viewers. This build up of tension has been cancelled out by the man getting away; we are being lulled into a false sense of security.In these first attacks, Spielberg has established the water as the dividing line between safety and danger. Do not go into the water is firmly etched into viewers mindsets.When Hooper and Brody go out on Hoopers boat to investigate, Hooper gets into the water. The darkness is a suspense builder especially with a fairly timid flash light being the only source of light. As a POV shot of Hoopers movement edges closer to the boat, tension builds as an ostinato of music builds. Ben Gardners head emerges from the hull of the boat in the musics climax, a high point of climatic tension in the film JAWS.Spielberg has used a variety of camera teqniques to build such tension in the film Jaws. Long/distant shots of boats show the vulnerability of a boat to the sea, creating a tension that there is no escape. Tracking shots in the 2nd attack are used to create suspense and mid shots in the scenes with Quint, Brody and Hooper allow the audience to examine the scale of human to shark and the strength the shark possesses.The 4th of July Regatta arrives, amid great controversy. Thousands of people arrive at the Amity dock, but the first thing Spielberg shows us in this scene is a souvenir stand selling shark jawbones. This is a tension that is built after we are shown that they are selling their worst fear as souvenirs. Brody has an armada of deputies surrounding the swimming area, helicopters and walkie-talkies, all the security 20th-century technology can muster, the suspense is rising, and we think that something is going to happen.A midshot takes in the happy holiday swimmers but we know that in the water is danger, only being free and clear of it is safety. Brodys fear becomes our fear; we are in the exact same position, which is where Spielberg wants an audience to be. This mindset has been stemmed from tension built earlier in the film. There is the cardboard fin false alarm, and the panic on the beach as the swimmers pound in to safety. The cardboard fin false alarm gives the audience a sigh of relief after a build up of suspense. Our attention is on the beach and Spielberg now puts the camera in high angled fashion on the pond, the place for old ladies, where Brodys son Michael is boating. Michael now becomes the vulnerable person nearest the shark and the tension rises when an onlooker sees the shark before Michael. A track shot of Michaels mo ther running down the beach alerts us as to who is in danger. The shark swims right by Michael in an above the water shot, we expect him to be attacked; however, he is raised from the ocean and taken to hospital safely. The suspense is lowered briefly until another above the water shot moves speedily towards a man in the water. Despite the success of Michael, a man is killed with his leg bitten off. An underwater shot tracks the leg as it hits the ocean floor. The tension that had been brewing had climaxed with an element of gore.The shark is slowly exposed more and more, a tension technique that is used to impeccable effect, especially when Brody, Hooper and Quint go out on the boat. A close up shot from behind Brody shows him coming face to face with the shark. Brody is playing with some knots but Spielbergs timing is impeccable. The scene of Brody looking at the camera, building a suspense as the sea is in view, and griping about the knots, to him standing up stock-straight as he comprehends the monster, to him backing into the cabin to say Youre gonna need a bigger boat is excellent. The suspense is slowly built up, the camera never leaving Brodys face but allowing the audience to see the water.A long shot of the boat in front of a dark moonlit sky shows the possible insignificance or scale of boat to sea. We are beginning to see that there is no escape and the sharks intelligence combined with the size of the boat is a tension that Spielberg has cleverly placed. The three begin singing Show me the way to go home in a mid shot of Quint and Hooper, whilst banging on the table in joyous moods, productively adding to their own downfall as they cant hear the shark banging against the boat. The camera lingers on Quint, Brody and Hooper before flashing back to the damage being done by the shark, the tension increases because we yearn for them to notice it for their own safety. The boards bend inward and water spurts inside the hull, a low placed camera shot, pos sibly from the top of the stairs, shows the water level rising. Our breathing stops because the water is coming in the boat, and Spielberg has done such an excellent job, through tension, of establishing that the water itself is an object of dread. Seconds later, the shark rams the boat and Brody falls into the water portrayed from a low angled camera shot.A close up shot of Brody shows him trying to ring for help only for Quint to destroy it. This suspense is a reaction to the reality that the threesome will be deprived of the outside world. Now that the shark has decided to wreck the boat, a plan is announced (A mid shot in soft focus shows Brody and Hooper talking. Quint, who is blurred, stands at the helm of the boat, bringing the attention to Hooper and Brody) to lead him into shallow waters and drown him. Quint is visibly disappointed by this plan and proceeds to destroy the boats motor. A mid shot in deep focus shows Quint at the forefront of the boat, singing in a slightly i nsane manner. A background of Hooper and Brody in disbelief builds suspense because they look incapable of stopping Quint. We are worried as to what Quint is doing and the tension is built as the smoke intensifies. We are maybe waiting for the boat to explode in a time bomb fashion.Another high point of tension is the scene when Hooper goes in the water. A close up shot of Hooper sees him declare his plan with, Have you got any better ideas. A shot from above the metal container has Brody, Quint and Hooper featured, this being a very tension filled scene, you feel this is the climax. There is a short preparation montage where we get our reminder of the oxygen tanks. Going into the water builds a tension within audiences because we expect Hooper to die however, he goes into the water to prove his worth and fails miserably, hiding behind a rock. Various angles are used to portray different sides of the shark. A shot from underneath the container shows the shark tangling with the conta iner, suspense runs through this scene as we see the shark in full. Some POV shots show the power of the shark ramming into the metal, the tension rises as the metal bends more and more. A mid shot of both Hooper and the shark shows the size comparison and when Hooper loses his spike that was to be used to kill the shark the suspense raises to its climax and we think this is Hoopers end. A fairly long shot of Hooper swimming to the rock is a nerve wracking moment as we know the shark could appear at any moment.In another scene, following Hoopers attempts, the shark jumps into the boat; a parallel sound accompanies the shark. Quint wants to kill the shark but falls steadily towards the gaping hole of the sharks mouth. Reverting shots of Quint and Brody show the contrasts and Brodys incapability to save Quint. The close up shot of just Quints legs struggling to avoid his end creates a massive tension as we await his legs to be bitten. A mid shot from behind Quint features the sharks m outh and Quint struggling to get away from the sharks mouth; the variety of shots show different angles that build tension. It seems to take for ages for Quint to die, the tension increasing per second. This is coupled with the loudness increasing ostinato that accompanies this scene. None diegetic sounds with a frantic feel add to the audiences feelings of suspense. This could possibly be the highest moment of tension within the film.In the final scene, there is already a remaining tension from Quints death. The boat is sinking and Brody is alone. The music ostinato begins again and long shots of the shark build the tension as the shark moves towards the boat. Brody fuses Hoopers science with Quints rifle and prepares to kill the shark. A long shot shows Brody climbing up the mast before preparing to shoot. The suspense is building and you know this is the climax. Mid shots that involve Brody with the gun and the sharks fin moving closer build tension as we prepare for the shark to get to Brody. The sound loudness and speed of ostinato grows as the shark gets closer, another suspense builder.A close up of Brodys face shows his concentration as one of his shots goes wide. The boat continues to sink, portrayed with more long shots. A POV shot shows the shark getting closer and when the oxygen tanks are thrown into the mouth of the shark, this is were we see the sharks mouth in full. The tension is at a climax in this scene and Spielberg allows the ostinato to reach its finale before Brody, in a close up, fires a gun shot that hits the oxygen tank. A long shot shows the volcano of blood and skin that erupt into the air. The tension is killed after a slow rise throughout the film.A close up of Brody shows his exhaustion and excitement, as audiences we are relieved.This is the product of a build of tension created by music and camera shots. Spielberg uses building ostinato and misdirecting dur durs to build tension. The art of false alarms create suspense due to t heir misleading traits. The tension is also built through silence and not showing the shark, we are made to think.Spielberg has done a great job of creating a tension ridden masterpiece using camera and sound. How does the director Steven Spielberg use filmic techniques to build suspense and tension for the audience in the film jaws Essay Example How does the director Steven Spielberg use filmic techniques to build suspense and tension for the audience in the film jaws Essay Steven Spielberg is now recognised as one of Hollywoods leading directors; a filmmaker who expresses his identity over a body of films. However, when he directed Jaws in 1975 he didnt have the expansive film technology that he now carries. The film does, though, contain several important elements that would be eventually recognised as part of a Spielberg film. His work in creating suspense and tension is recognised by critics all over the world.The film was surrounded by hype; mainly due to the lack of order in financing the film after it ran over budget, but readers of Peter Benchleys novel JAWS were anticipating a blockbuster of their time. Whilst Spielberg stated that the film was tacky but marvellous it proved to be a benchmark in his passage into stardom, his use of tension techniques becoming a main element within a Spielberg film.The tagline Dont go into the water has been etched into cinema folklore and the dur dur theme tune can be heard in a variety of films, quite possibly making it one of the worlds most renowned theme tunes.The title sequence is an important element in the film JAWS with the dur dur theme tune being introduced. The point of view shot (POV) along with the dur dur theme music creates a fear factor that is prominent throughout the film. The sharks power is amplified right from the beginning. The camera, or the shark, increases its speed in conjunction with the music increasing in tempo, demonstrating the incredible speed that the shark is capable of moving. This early signal alerts viewers to the alarming power the shark possesses. This implements a tension that is long spanned in the viewers mindset.The film begins with a mid shot of a seemingly average teenage party with a strangely chilling diegetic harmonica. This may alert viewers to the factor that everything might not be as it seems. The only light sources are the moon and a blazing fire. Lack of light can build a strong tension due to strained visibility. Fire, although it can provide warmth and comfort, it is often used in the visualisation of hell, and the use of the fire could also be read as a warning signal of what is to come. Chrissie asks to go skinny dipping and the track shot follows Chrissie and Tom, attempting to get undressed but Tom seems to be struggling, this shows us that he may be a liability to Chrissies cause.When Chrissie gets into the water the long shot shows her insignificance and scale to water, telling us that there is no escape. The bells clang, reminiscent of bells at a funeral, the shot and sound combined creates a scary prospect considering the title of the film. The setting is the most obvious element of the suspense. The scene is set at night, the setting where the majority of most horror movies takes place, severely limiting both the characters and the audiences visibility. As we seek more as Chrissies life hangs in the balance, we are restricted, building a frantic suspense. While in the water, Chrissie is suddenly jerked around by an unseen force and then pulled under.A close up of the horrified girls face builds a tension because you dont know what it is that is yanking at her legs. Her screaming is frantic, her legs splash, the audiences know this is the worst thing she can do. We care about her life and as the suspense grows we worry more. The sound at this point is very loud for a long period of time as the tension builds as Chrissie eventually goes under the water. The silence that follows this will scare audiences; this theme is continued throughout the film. Silence is a tension similar to the other tactic employed by Spielberg; keeping the shark out of visibility. The phobia of the water is enforced during this scene, a long spanning tension employed by Spielberg.This first attack may leave the killer open for debate as you do not see the shark during the duration of Chrissies death. As the film continues you see more and more of the shark, this creates an aura of tension and suspense as be fore every attack audiences are unsure to how much they will be exposed to. Spielberg is increasing the films psychological impact. The audience is forced to imagine what the shark looks like, rather than be told.Music in the film JAWS is used to fulfil the genre, however, when Quint, Brody and Hooper are on the boat, adventure seeking music is used occasionally. Spielberg only uses the dur dur when the shark attacks, not as a red herring. The audience may feel trapped through even the slightest and most subtle use of sound. In the second attack more horrific variations on the shark ostinato alter the way the shark is perceived, however in the Ben Gardners Boat scene an evocative, ominous searching cue that features an alien, strange tone conveyed through ascending string notes, and flute triads give an eerie feel rather than a frantic one. Hints of the shark ostinato play throughout, finally climaxing in a huge synthesizer tone. These changes in sound all add to tension as they are different false alarming teqniques.The genre Thriller is sometimes defined by suspense and Spielbergs critical use of false alarms develop a firm grasp with audiences. The director picks his moments to strike.The second attack makes use of false alarms to build tension, after Chrissies death audiences are nervous as to when the shark will strike once more. This attack takes place in daylight and comes as a surprise to the people of Amnity Island; however, for audiences the tension is stronger due to the amount of people present. This signifies more danger and more chance of death. As Brody sits and examines the beach, false alarms occur to develop this pattern in the film. The yellow lilo is prominent in this scene as a shot of the lilo going out is concluded later in the film with a shot of a ripped up version of the lilo. Brody, alone, watches the beach, a man with a secret. His neighbours discuss various topics, and one of them comes to pester him about some parking hassles obst ructing the camera angle of the sea, this brings back the tension of sight difficulties.The frisson between the triviality of Amity life and the life-and-death struggle Brody is silently engaged and its unbearable for him to cope with. Theres the old man with the hat scene, a false-scare that serves as a small misdirect due to his strange likeness to a shark. There is some more suspense as a boy calls for his dog that is missing in the water. Along with a clever camera angle (shallow focus which sees everything blurred but the girl on shoulders) that makes a girl on a boys shoulders look menacing. Tension has been built as to when the shark will strike. As audiences are sucked in, Spielberg strikes. Young Alex Kinter is killed in very spectacular fashion, the shark seemed to come up from underneath him and cause a volcano of blood.A long shot of his climatic death provides the extravagant and disturbing suspense needed. This death makes use of shark POV shots from under the water. C hildren splashing and the scene with the yellow lilo are viewed from the sharks perspective, the splashing very reminiscent of Chrissies death. As the shark moves steadily underneath the children, tension is built as it lifts closer to certain individuals, unsure of who will become the next victim.Brody has now seen the shark in a dramatic zoom shot from the beach; his perspective has been altered along with the audience. The holiday date of 4th July suddenly seems to dawn on audiences. We know this is the perfect time for the shark to kill; the suspense every time someone goes near the water is torturous.The next attack sees two comedic characters attempt to catch the shark with a holiday roast. The suspense surrounding this attack is very strong after previous events. You fear for both the men. The shark takes the bait and heads out to sea, taking the end of the dock, and one of the men, with it. This moment makes use of the mid shot, making sure all significant factors are in the shot. The second the man goes into the water, we fear for his life, and we do not relax until his feet get out of the water, this tension has been built up through the fear of the water factor. Spielberg even lets the camera linger (low angle) on his feet scrambling over the collapsed dock, knowing that we are waiting for the shark to leap up and snatch the man away. We dont see the shark in this scene adding to the psychological barrier being built up between the shark and viewers. This build up of tension has been cancelled out by the man getting away; we are being lulled into a false sense of security.In these first attacks, Spielberg has established the water as the dividing line between safety and danger. Do not go into the water is firmly etched into viewers mindsets.When Hooper and Brody go out on Hoopers boat to investigate, Hooper gets into the water. The darkness is a suspense builder especially with a fairly timid flash light being the only source of light. As a POV shot of Hoopers movement edges closer to the boat, tension builds as an ostinato of music builds. Ben Gardners head emerges from the hull of the boat in the musics climax, a high point of climatic tension in the film JAWS.Spielberg has used a variety of camera teqniques to build such tension in the film Jaws. Long/distant shots of boats show the vulnerability of a boat to the sea, creating a tension that there is no escape. Tracking shots in the 2nd attack are used to create suspense and mid shots in the scenes with Quint, Brody and Hooper allow the audience to examine the scale of human to shark and the strength the shark possesses.The 4th of July Regatta arrives, amid great controversy. Thousands of people arrive at the Amity dock, but the first thing Spielberg shows us in this scene is a souvenir stand selling shark jawbones. This is a tension that is built after we are shown that they are selling their worst fear as souvenirs. Brody has an armada of deputies surrounding the swimming area, helicopters and walkie-talkies, all the security 20th-century technology can muster, the suspense is rising, and we think that something is going to happen.A midshot takes in the happy holiday swimmers but we know that in the water is danger, only being free and clear of it is safety. Brodys fear becomes our fear; we are in the exact same position, which is where Spielberg wants an audience to be. This mindset has been stemmed from tension built earlier in the film. There is the cardboard fin false alarm, and the panic on the beach as the swimmers pound in to safety. The cardboard fin false alarm gives the audience a sigh of relief after a build up of suspense. Our attention is on the beach and Spielberg now puts the camera in high angled fashion on the pond, the place for old ladies, where Brodys son Michael is boating. Michael now becomes the vulnerable person nearest the shark and the tension rises when an onlooker sees the shark before Michael. A track shot of Michaels mo ther running down the beach alerts us as to who is in danger. The shark swims right by Michael in an above the water shot, we expect him to be attacked; however, he is raised from the ocean and taken to hospital safely. The suspense is lowered briefly until another above the water shot moves speedily towards a man in the water. Despite the success of Michael, a man is killed with his leg bitten off. An underwater shot tracks the leg as it hits the ocean floor. The tension that had been brewing had climaxed with an element of gore.The shark is slowly exposed more and more, a tension technique that is used to impeccable effect, especially when Brody, Hooper and Quint go out on the boat. A close up shot from behind Brody shows him coming face to face with the shark. Brody is playing with some knots but Spielbergs timing is impeccable. The scene of Brody looking at the camera, building a suspense as the sea is in view, and griping about the knots, to him standing up stock-straight as he comprehends the monster, to him backing into the cabin to say Youre gonna need a bigger boat is excellent. The suspense is slowly built up, the camera never leaving Brodys face but allowing the audience to see the water.A long shot of the boat in front of a dark moonlit sky shows the possible insignificance or scale of boat to sea. We are beginning to see that there is no escape and the sharks intelligence combined with the size of the boat is a tension that Spielberg has cleverly placed. The three begin singing Show me the way to go home in a mid shot of Quint and Hooper, whilst banging on the table in joyous moods, productively adding to their own downfall as they cant hear the shark banging against the boat. The camera lingers on Quint, Brody and Hooper before flashing back to the damage being done by the shark, the tension increases because we yearn for them to notice it for their own safety. The boards bend inward and water spurts inside the hull, a low placed camera shot, pos sibly from the top of the stairs, shows the water level rising. Our breathing stops because the water is coming in the boat, and Spielberg has done such an excellent job, through tension, of establishing that the water itself is an object of dread. Seconds later, the shark rams the boat and Brody falls into the water portrayed from a low angled camera shot.A close up shot of Brody shows him trying to ring for help only for Quint to destroy it. This suspense is a reaction to the reality that the threesome will be deprived of the outside world. Now that the shark has decided to wreck the boat, a plan is announced (A mid shot in soft focus shows Brody and Hooper talking. Quint, who is blurred, stands at the helm of the boat, bringing the attention to Hooper and Brody) to lead him into shallow waters and drown him. Quint is visibly disappointed by this plan and proceeds to destroy the boats motor. A mid shot in deep focus shows Quint at the forefront of the boat, singing in a slightly i nsane manner. A background of Hooper and Brody in disbelief builds suspense because they look incapable of stopping Quint. We are worried as to what Quint is doing and the tension is built as the smoke intensifies. We are maybe waiting for the boat to explode in a time bomb fashion.Another high point of tension is the scene when Hooper goes in the water. A close up shot of Hooper sees him declare his plan with, Have you got any better ideas. A shot from above the metal container has Brody, Quint and Hooper featured, this being a very tension filled scene, you feel this is the climax. There is a short preparation montage where we get our reminder of the oxygen tanks. Going into the water builds a tension within audiences because we expect Hooper to die however, he goes into the water to prove his worth and fails miserably, hiding behind a rock. Various angles are used to portray different sides of the shark. A shot from underneath the container shows the shark tangling with the conta iner, suspense runs through this scene as we see the shark in full. Some POV shots show the power of the shark ramming into the metal, the tension rises as the metal bends more and more. A mid shot of both Hooper and the shark shows the size comparison and when Hooper loses his spike that was to be used to kill the shark the suspense raises to its climax and we think this is Hoopers end. A fairly long shot of Hooper swimming to the rock is a nerve wracking moment as we know the shark could appear at any moment.In another scene, following Hoopers attempts, the shark jumps into the boat; a parallel sound accompanies the shark. Quint wants to kill the shark but falls steadily towards the gaping hole of the sharks mouth. Reverting shots of Quint and Brody show the contrasts and Brodys incapability to save Quint. The close up shot of just Quints legs struggling to avoid his end creates a massive tension as we await his legs to be bitten. A mid shot from behind Quint features the sharks m outh and Quint struggling to get away from the sharks mouth; the variety of shots show different angles that build tension. It seems to take for ages for Quint to die, the tension increasing per second. This is coupled with the loudness increasing ostinato that accompanies this scene. None diegetic sounds with a frantic feel add to the audiences feelings of suspense. This could possibly be the highest moment of tension within the film.In the final scene, there is already a remaining tension from Quints death. The boat is sinking and Brody is alone. The music ostinato begins again and long shots of the shark build the tension as the shark moves towards the boat. Brody fuses Hoopers science with Quints rifle and prepares to kill the shark. A long shot shows Brody climbing up the mast before preparing to shoot. The suspense is building and you know this is the climax. Mid shots that involve Brody with the gun and the sharks fin moving closer build tension as we prepare for the shark to get to Brody. The sound loudness and speed of ostinato grows as the shark gets closer, another suspense builder.A close up of Brodys face shows his concentration as one of his shots goes wide. The boat continues to sink, portrayed with more long shots. A POV shot shows the shark getting closer and when the oxygen tanks are thrown into the mouth of the shark, this is were we see the sharks mouth in full. The tension is at a climax in this scene and Spielberg allows the ostinato to reach its finale before Brody, in a close up, fires a gun shot that hits the oxygen tank. A long shot shows the volcano of blood and skin that erupt into the air. The tension is killed after a slow rise throughout the film.A close up of Brody shows his exhaustion and excitement, as audiences we are relieved.This is the product of a build of tension created by music and camera shots. Spielberg uses building ostinato and misdirecting dur durs to build tension. The art of false alarms create suspense due to t heir misleading traits. The tension is also built through silence and not showing the shark, we are made to think.Spielberg has done a great job of creating a tension ridden masterpiece using camera and sound.

How to Write an Abstract for a Scientific Paper

How to Write an Abstract for a Scientific Paper If youre preparing a research paper or grant proposal, youll need to know how to write an abstract. Heres a look at what an abstract is and how to write one. Abstract An abstract is a concise summary of an experiment or research project. It should be brief typically under 200 words. The purpose of the abstract is to summarize the research paper by stating the purpose of the research, the experimental method, the findings, and the conclusions. How to Write an Abstract The format youll use for the abstract depends on its purpose. If youre writing for a specific publication or a class assignment, youll probably need to follow specific guidelines. If there isnt a required format, youll need to choose from one of two possible types of abstracts. Informational Abstracts An informational abstract is a type of abstract used to communicate an experiment or lab report. An informational abstract is like a mini-paper. Its length ranges from a paragraph to 1 to 2 pages, depending on the scope of the report. Aim for less than 10% the length of the full report.Summarize all aspects of the report, including purpose, method, results, conclusions, and recommendations. There are no graphs, charts, tables, or images in an abstract. Similarly, an abstract does not include a bibliography or references.Highlight important discoveries or anomalies. Its okay if the experiment did not go as planned and necessary to state the outcome in the abstract. Here is a good format to follow, in order, when writing an informational abstract. Each section is a sentence or two long: Motivation or Purpose: State why the subject is important or why anyone should care about the experiment and its results.Problem: State the hypothesis of the experiment or describe the problem you are trying to solve.Method: How did you test the hypothesis or try to solve the problem?Results: What was the outcome of the study? Did you support or reject a hypothesis? Did you solve a problem? How close were the results to what you expected? State-specific numbers.Conclusions: What is the significance of your findings? Do the results lead to an increase in knowledge, a solution that may be applied to other problems, etc.? Need examples? The abstracts at PubMed.gov (National Institutes of Health database) are informational abstracts. A random example is this abstract on the effect of coffee consumption on Acute Coronary Syndrome. Descriptive Abstracts A descriptive abstract is an extremely brief description of the contents of a report. Its purpose is to tell the reader what to expect from the full paper. A descriptive abstract is very short, typically less than 100 words.Tells the reader what the report contains, but doesnt go into detail.It briefly summarizes the purpose and experimental method, but not the results or conclusions. Basically, say why and how the study was made, but dont go into findings.   Tips for Writing a Good Abstract Write the paper before writing the abstract. You might be tempted to start with the abstract since it comes between the title page and the paper, but its much easier to summarize a paper or report after it has been completed.Write in the third person. Replace phrases like I found or we examined with phrases like it was determined or this paper provides or the investigators found.Write the abstract and then pare it down to meet the word limit. In some cases, a long abstract will result in automatic rejection for publication or a grade!Think of keywords and phrases a person looking for your work might use or enter into a search engine. Include those words in your abstract. Even if the paper wont be published, this is a good habit to develop.All information in the abstract must be covered in the body of the paper. Dont put a fact in the abstract that isnt described in the report.Proof-read the abstract for typos, spelling mistakes, and punctuation errors.